বাংলা বানানের নিয়ম (Bangla spelling rules )

 

evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg (Bangla spelling rules )

 

 

Zrmg k‡ãi evbvbwewa

 

1. GB wbq‡g ewY©Z e¨wZµg Qvov Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi wbw`©ó evbvb AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|

 

2. B, C, D, E

†hme Zrmg k‡ã B, C, D, E Dfq ï× †Kej †mme k‡ã B ev D Ges Zvi KviwPý (w ), ( y) n‡e| †hgb: wKse`wšÍ, LÄwb, wPrKvi, Pzwjø, ZiwY, agwb, aiwY, bvwo, cwÄ, c`we, cwjø, fw½, gwm, gÄwi, hyewZ, iPbvewj, jnwi, †kÖwY, miwY, m~wPcÎ, DY©v, Dlv |

 

3. †id ( ©)

†i‡di ( ©) ci e¨Äbe‡Y©i wØZ¡ n‡e bv | †hgb: A¾©b, Dצ©, K¤§©, KvwË©K, Kvh©¨, evשK¨, g~Q©v, m~h©¨, BZ¨vw`i cwie‡Z© h_vµ‡g AR©b, DaŸ©, Kg©, KvwZ©K, Kvh©, eva©K¨, g~Q©v, m~h© BZ¨vw` n‡e|

 

4. mwÜ

mwÜi †ÿ‡Î K, L, M, N c‡i _vK‡j c~e© c‡`i AšÍw¯’Z g ¯’v‡b Aby¯^vi (s) n‡e | †hgb: Ang& + Kvi = AnsKvi| Gfv‡e fqsKi, msMxZ, ïfsKi, ü`qsMg, msNUb| mwÜe× bv n‡j O ¯’v‡b s n‡e bv| †hgb: A¼, A½, AvZ¼, K¼vj, M½v, ew¼g, e½, j•Nb, k¼v, k„•Ljv, m‡½, m½x|

 

5. ms¯‹…Z Bb&&-cÖZ¨qvšÍ kã

ms¯‹…Z Bb&&-cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi `xN© C-KvivšÍ iƒc mgvme× n‡j ms¯‹…Z e¨vKi‡Yi wbqg-Abyhvqx †m¸wj‡Z n«¯^ B-Kvi nq| †hgb: ¸Yx -¸wYRb, cÖvYx- cÖvwYwe`¨v, gš¿x-  gwš¿cwil`|

 

6. Bb-cÖZ¨qvšÍ kã+Z¡/Zv

Bb-cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi m‡½  Z¡ I  Zv cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡j B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb: K…Zx  K…wZZ¡, `vqx  `vwqZ¡, cÖwZ‡hvMx  cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, gš¿x  gwš¿Z¡, mn‡hvMx  mn‡hvwMZv|

 

7. wemM©(t)

k‡ãi †k‡l wemM©(t) _vK‡e bv | †hgb: BZ¯ÍZ, Kvh©Z, µgk, cybtcyb, cÖ_gZ, cÖavbZ, cÖqvZ, cÖvqk, djZ, e¯‘Z, g~jZ| kãga¨¯’ wemM©-ewR©Z iƒc M„nxZ n‡e |  `y¯’, wb¯Íä, wb¯ú„n, wb:k^vm

 evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg (Bangla spelling rules )

 

 

AZrmg k‡ãi evbvbwewa

1. B, C, D, E

K. mKj AZrmg kã A_©vr Z™¢e, †`wk, we‡`wk, wgkÖ k‡ã †Kej B (w) Ges D( y) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: Aviwe, Avmvwg, Bs‡iwR, Bgvb, Bivwb, Dwbk, IKvjwZ, Kvwnwb, Kzwgi, †KivgwZ, Lywk, †Lqvwj, Mvwo, †Mvqvwjwb, PvwP, Rwg`vwi, Rvcvwb, Rvg©vwb, Uzwc, ZiKvwi, `vwo, `vw`, `vwe, w`wN, w`w`, bvwb, wbPz, ckwg, cvwL, cvMjvwg, cvMwj, wcwm, divwm, dwiqvw`, dviwm, wdwiw½, eY©vwj, evuwk, evOvwj, evwo, wewe, eywo,  †eAvBwb, †ewk, †evgvevwR, fvwi (AZ¨šÍ A‡_©), gvwg, gvwj, gvwm, gv÷vwi, ivwb, iæcvwj, †ikwg, kvwo, miKvwi, wmwÜ, †mvbvwj, nvwZ, wnRwi, wnw›`, †nuqvwj| Pzb, cy‡Rv, cye, gyjv, gy‡jv|

 

L. c`vwkªZ wb‡`©kK B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb: †Q‡jwU, eBwU, †jvKw|

 

M. me©bvg, we‡klY, wµqv-we‡klY I †hvRK c`iƒ‡c Kx kãwU C-Kvi w`‡q †jLv n‡e | †hgb:

GUv Kx eB? Kx Avb›`? Kx Avi eje? Kx KiQ? Kx K‡i hve? Kx †L‡j? Kx Rvwb? Kx `yivkv! †Zvgvi Kx? Kx eyw× wb‡q G‡mwQ‡j? Kx c‡ov? Kx †h Kwi? Kx evsjv Kx Bs‡iwR Dfq fvlvq wZwb cvi`k©x| ZvQvov  Kxfv‡e, KxiKg, Kxiƒ‡c cÖf…wZ k‡ãI C-Kvi n‡e|

 

N. †hme cÖkœevPK ev‡K¨i DËi nu¨v A_ev bv n‡e, †mBme ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ ÔwKÕ n«¯^ B-Kvi w`‡q ‡jL‡Z n‡e| †hgb : Zzwg wK hv‡e? †m wK G‡mwQj? Zywg wK Lv‡e? G c«‡kœi DËi n‡e n¨vu ev bv| Avevi Zywg Kx Lv‡e? G cª‡kœi DËi n‡e fvZ ev Ab¨ wKQy|

 

2. G, A¨v

K. evsjvq G eY© ev †-Kvi w`‡q G Ges A¨v GB Dfq aŸwb wb‡`©wkZ nq| †hgb : †Kb, †K‡bv (µq A‡_©), †Ljv, †Lwj, †Mj, †M‡j, †M‡Q, †`Lv, †`wL, †R‡bv, †hb|

 

L. Z‡e wKQz Z™¢e I †`wk k†ãi evbvb ¨v-Kvi hy³ iƒc eûj cwiwPZ| †hgb : e¨vO, j¨vVv| Gme k‡ã ¨v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|

 

M. wKQy we‡`wk k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î- A¨v ev ¨v-Kvi e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb : A¨vKvD›U, A¨vÛ(and), A¨vwmW, K¨v‡mU, e¨vsK, f¨vU, g¨v‡bRvi, n¨vU|

 

3. A=I

evsjv A aŸwbi D”PviY eû †ÿ‡Î I-i g‡Zv nq | kã  †k‡li Gme A-aŸwb I-Kvi w`‡q †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : Kv‡jv, Lv‡Uv, †Qv‡Uv, fv‡jv |

 

K. GMv‡iv, ev‡iv, †Z‡iv, c‡b‡iv, †lv‡jv, m‡Z‡iv, AvVv‡iv;

 

L. Kiv‡bv, LvIqv‡bv, Pov‡bv, Piv‡bv, Pvjv‡bv, †`Lv‡bv, bvgv‡bv, cvVv‡bv, emv‡bv, †kLv‡bv,  †kvbv‡bv, nvmv‡bv;

 

M. Kzov‡bv, wbKv‡bv, euvKv‡bv, euvav‡bv, †Nviv‡jv, †Rviv‡jv, aviv‡jv, cu¨vPv‡bv;

 

N. K‡iv, P‡ov, †R‡bv, a‡iv, c‡ov, e‡jv, e‡mv, †k‡Lv, Kiv‡Zv, †K‡bv, †`‡ev, n‡Zv, n‡ev, n‡jv, †Kv‡bv, g‡Zv|

 

O. fwel¨r AbyÁvq k‡ãi Avw`‡ZI I-Kvi †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: †Kv‡iv, †ev‡jv, †ev‡mv|

 

4. O, s

k‡ãi †k‡l cÖvmw½K †ÿ‡Î mvaviYfv‡e Aby¯^vi (s) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: Mvs, Xs, cvjs, is, ms|

Z‡e Aby¯^v‡ii m‡½ ¯^i hy³ n‡j O n‡e| †hgb: evOvwj, fvOv, iwOb, i‡Oi|

evsjv I evsjv‡`k k‡ã Aby¯^vi _vK‡e| (mvsweavwbKfv‡e M…nxZ)

 

5. ÿ, L

AZrmg k‡ã wL‡`, Ly`, Ly‡`, Lyi (Mevw` cïi cv‡qi †kl cÖvšÍ), †LZ, L¨vcv BZ¨vw` †jLv n‡e|

 

6. R, h

K. evsjvq cÖPwjZ we‡`wk kã mvaviYfv‡e evsjv fvlvi aŸwbc×wZ-Abyhvqx wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: KvMR, Rv`y, RvnvR, Ryjyg, †Reªv, evRvi, nvRvi|

L. Bmjvg ag© msµvšÍ K‡qKwU k‡ã weK‡í ÔhÕ †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: Avhvb, Ihy, bvgvh, Kvhv, gyqvh&whb, †hvni, ighvb, nhiZ|

 

7. g~a©b¨ Y, `šÍ¨ b

K. AZrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b Y e¨envi Kiv n‡e bv| †hgb: ANªvb, Bivb, Kvb, †Kvivb, Mfb©i, †Mvbv, Sibv, aib, civb, ivwb, †mvbv, nb©|

L. Zrmg k‡ã U, V, W, X-‡qi c~‡e© hy³ bvwmK¨eY© Y nq, †hgb: KÈK, cÖPÐ, jyÉb|

M. AZrmg k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î U V W X-‡qi Av‡M †Kej b hy³ n‡e| †hgb: ¸Ûv, SvÛv, VvÛv, jÚb|

 

8. k, l, m

we‡`wk k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î ÔlÕ e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †hgb: wKkwgk, bvkZv, †cvkvK, †e‡nkZ, kL, kqZvb, kieZ, kig, kni, kvwgqvbv, kvU©, †kŠwLb|

 

K. wRwbm, gmjv, mb, mv`v, mvj (ermi), ¯§vU©, wnmve|

 

L. ÷j, ÷vBj, w÷gvi, w÷ªU, ÷zwW‡qv, †÷kb, †÷vi|

 

M. Bmjvg, Zmwjg, gymjgvb, gymwjg, mvjvZ, mvjvg, Gkv, kvIqvj (wnRwi gvm), kvevb (wnRwi gvm)|

 

N. Bs‡iwR I Bs‡iwRi gva¨‡g AvMZ we‡`wk S aŸwbi Rb¨ m Ges - sh, -sion, –ssion, -tion cÖf…wZ eY©¸”Q ev aŸwbi Rb¨ k e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: cvm‡cvU©, evm,K¨vk, †Uwjwfkb, wgkb, †mkb, †ikb,  †÷kb|

 

O. †hLv‡b evsjvq we‡`wk k‡ãi ‡hme evbvb cwiewZ©Z n‡q m Q- Gi iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q ‡mme Q-Gi e¨envi _vK‡e| †hgb: ZQbQ, cQ›`, wgQwi, wgwQj|

 

9. we‡`wk kã I hy³eY©

we‡`wk k‡ãi Avw`‡Z evsjvq eY©we‡køl m¤¢e bq weavq G¸‡jv hy³eY© w`‡q wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: †÷kb, w÷ªU, w¯úªs| Z‡e wKQy †ÿ‡Î we‡køl Kiv hvq| †hgb: gvK©m, †kKmwcqi, Bmivwdj|

 

10. nm-wPý

K. nm-wPý h_vm¤¢e eR©b Kiv n‡e| †hgb : KjKj, Ki‡jb, KvZ, PU, †PK, RR, SiSi, UK, UvK, wWk, ZQbQ, dUdU, ej‡jb, kL, ûK|

 

L. Z‡e hw` A_©weåvwšÍ ev fzj D”Pvi‡Yi Avk¼v _v‡K Zvn‡j nm-wPý e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: Dn&, evn&, hvn&|

 

11. Da٩-Kgv

DaŸ©-Kgv h_vm¤¢e eR©b Kiv n‡e| †hgb: e‡j (ewjqv), n‡q, `yRb, Pvj(PvDj), Avj(AvBj)|

 

evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg (Bangla spelling rules )

 

 

AZrmg k‡ãi evbvbwewa

1. B, C, D, E

K. mKj AZrmg kã A_©vr Z™¢e, †`wk, we‡`wk, wgkÖ k‡ã †Kej B (w) Ges D( y) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: Aviwe, Avmvwg, Bs‡iwR, Bgvb, Bivwb, Dwbk, IKvjwZ, Kvwnwb, Kzwgi, †KivgwZ, Lywk, †Lqvwj, Mvwo, †Mvqvwjwb, PvwP, Rwg`vwi, Rvcvwb, Rvg©vwb, Uzwc, ZiKvwi, `vwo, `vw`, `vwe, w`wN, w`w`, bvwb, wbPz, ckwg, cvwL, cvMjvwg, cvMwj, wcwm, divwm, dwiqvw`, dviwm, wdwiw½, eY©vwj, evuwk, evOvwj, evwo, wewe, eywo,  †eAvBwb, †ewk, †evgvevwR, fvwi (AZ¨šÍ A‡_©), gvwg, gvwj, gvwm, gv÷vwi, ivwb, iæcvwj, †ikwg, kvwo, miKvwi, wmwÜ, †mvbvwj, nvwZ, wnRwi, wnw›`, †nuqvwj| Pzb, cy‡Rv, cye, gyjv, gy‡jv|

 

L. c`vwkªZ wb‡`©kK B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb: †Q‡jwU, eBwU, †jvKw|

 

M. me©bvg, we‡klY, wµqv-we‡klY I †hvRK c`iƒ‡c Kx kãwU C-Kvi w`‡q †jLv n‡e | †hgb:

GUv Kx eB? Kx Avb›`? Kx Avi eje? Kx KiQ? Kx K‡i hve? Kx †L‡j? Kx Rvwb? Kx `yivkv! †Zvgvi Kx? Kx eyw× wb‡q G‡mwQ‡j? Kx c‡ov? Kx †h Kwi? Kx evsjv Kx Bs‡iwR Dfq fvlvq wZwb cvi`k©x| ZvQvov  Kxfv‡e, KxiKg, Kxiƒ‡c cÖf…wZ k‡ãI C-Kvi n‡e|

 

N. †hme cÖkœevPK ev‡K¨i DËi nu¨v A_ev bv n‡e, †mBme ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ ÔwKÕ n«¯^ B-Kvi w`‡q ‡jL‡Z n‡e| †hgb : Zzwg wK hv‡e? †m wK G‡mwQj? Zywg wK Lv‡e? G c«‡kœi DËi n‡e n¨vu ev bv| Avevi Zywg Kx Lv‡e? G cª‡kœi DËi n‡e fvZ ev Ab¨ wKQy|

 

2. G, A¨v

K. evsjvq G eY© ev †-Kvi w`‡q G Ges A¨v GB Dfq aŸwb wb‡`©wkZ nq| †hgb : †Kb, †K‡bv (µq A‡_©), †Ljv, †Lwj, †Mj, †M‡j, †M‡Q, †`Lv, †`wL, †R‡bv, †hb|

 

L. Z‡e wKQz Z™¢e I †`wk k†ãi evbvb ¨v-Kvi hy³ iƒc eûj cwiwPZ| †hgb : e¨vO, j¨vVv| Gme k‡ã ¨v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|

 

M. wKQy we‡`wk k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î- A¨v ev ¨v-Kvi e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb : A¨vKvD›U, A¨vÛ(and), A¨vwmW, K¨v‡mU, e¨vsK, f¨vU, g¨v‡bRvi, n¨vU|

 

3. A=I

evsjv A aŸwbi D”PviY eû †ÿ‡Î I-i g‡Zv nq | kã  †k‡li Gme A-aŸwb I-Kvi w`‡q †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : Kv‡jv, Lv‡Uv, †Qv‡Uv, fv‡jv |

 

K. GMv‡iv, ev‡iv, †Z‡iv, c‡b‡iv, †lv‡jv, m‡Z‡iv, AvVv‡iv;

 

L. Kiv‡bv, LvIqv‡bv, Pov‡bv, Piv‡bv, Pvjv‡bv, †`Lv‡bv, bvgv‡bv, cvVv‡bv, emv‡bv, †kLv‡bv,  †kvbv‡bv, nvmv‡bv;

 

M. Kzov‡bv, wbKv‡bv, euvKv‡bv, euvav‡bv, †Nviv‡jv, †Rviv‡jv, aviv‡jv, cu¨vPv‡bv;

 

N. K‡iv, P‡ov, †R‡bv, a‡iv, c‡ov, e‡jv, e‡mv, †k‡Lv, Kiv‡Zv, †K‡bv, †`‡ev, n‡Zv, n‡ev, n‡jv, †Kv‡bv, g‡Zv|

 

O. fwel¨r AbyÁvq k‡ãi Avw`‡ZI I-Kvi †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: †Kv‡iv, †ev‡jv, †ev‡mv|

 

4. O, s

k‡ãi †k‡l cÖvmw½K †ÿ‡Î mvaviYfv‡e Aby¯^vi (s) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: Mvs, Xs, cvjs, is, ms|

Z‡e Aby¯^v‡ii m‡½ ¯^i hy³ n‡j O n‡e| †hgb: evOvwj, fvOv, iwOb, i‡Oi|

evsjv I evsjv‡`k k‡ã Aby¯^vi _vK‡e| (mvsweavwbKfv‡e M…nxZ)

 

5. ÿ, L

AZrmg k‡ã wL‡`, Ly`, Ly‡`, Lyi (Mevw` cïi cv‡qi †kl cÖvšÍ), †LZ, L¨vcv BZ¨vw` †jLv n‡e|

 

6. R, h

K. evsjvq cÖPwjZ we‡`wk kã mvaviYfv‡e evsjv fvlvi aŸwbc×wZ-Abyhvqx wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: KvMR, Rv`y, RvnvR, Ryjyg, †Reªv, evRvi, nvRvi|

L. Bmjvg ag© msµvšÍ K‡qKwU k‡ã weK‡í ÔhÕ †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: Avhvb, Ihy, bvgvh, Kvhv, gyqvh&whb, †hvni, ighvb, nhiZ|

 

7. g~a©b¨ Y, `šÍ¨ b

K. AZrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b Y e¨envi Kiv n‡e bv| †hgb: ANªvb, Bivb, Kvb, †Kvivb, Mfb©i, †Mvbv, Sibv, aib, civb, ivwb, †mvbv, nb©|

L. Zrmg k‡ã U, V, W, X-‡qi c~‡e© hy³ bvwmK¨eY© Y nq, †hgb: KÈK, cÖPÐ, jyÉb|

M. AZrmg k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î U V W X-‡qi Av‡M †Kej b hy³ n‡e| †hgb: ¸Ûv, SvÛv, VvÛv, jÚb|

 

8. k, l, m

we‡`wk k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î ÔlÕ e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †hgb: wKkwgk, bvkZv, †cvkvK, †e‡nkZ, kL, kqZvb, kieZ, kig, kni, kvwgqvbv, kvU©, †kŠwLb|

 

K. wRwbm, gmjv, mb, mv`v, mvj (ermi), ¯§vU©, wnmve|

 

L. ÷j, ÷vBj, w÷gvi, w÷ªU, ÷zwW‡qv, †÷kb, †÷vi|

 

M. Bmjvg, Zmwjg, gymjgvb, gymwjg, mvjvZ, mvjvg, Gkv, kvIqvj (wnRwi gvm), kvevb (wnRwi gvm)|

 

N. Bs‡iwR I Bs‡iwRi gva¨‡g AvMZ we‡`wk S aŸwbi Rb¨ m Ges - sh, -sion, –ssion, -tion cÖf…wZ eY©¸”Q ev aŸwbi Rb¨ k e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: cvm‡cvU©, evm,K¨vk, †Uwjwfkb, wgkb, †mkb, †ikb,  †÷kb|

 

O. †hLv‡b evsjvq we‡`wk k‡ãi ‡hme evbvb cwiewZ©Z n‡q m Q- Gi iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q ‡mme Q-Gi e¨envi _vK‡e| †hgb: ZQbQ, cQ›`, wgQwi, wgwQj|

 

9. we‡`wk kã I hy³eY©

we‡`wk k‡ãi Avw`‡Z evsjvq eY©we‡køl m¤¢e bq weavq G¸‡jv hy³eY© w`‡q wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: †÷kb, w÷ªU, w¯úªs| Z‡e wKQy †ÿ‡Î we‡køl Kiv hvq| †hgb: gvK©m, †kKmwcqi, Bmivwdj|

 

10. nm-wPý

K. nm-wPý h_vm¤¢e eR©b Kiv n‡e| †hgb : KjKj, Ki‡jb, KvZ, PU, †PK, RR, SiSi, UK, UvK, wWk, ZQbQ, dUdU, ej‡jb, kL, ûK|

 

L. Z‡e hw` A_©weåvwšÍ ev fzj D”Pvi‡Yi Avk¼v _v‡K Zvn‡j nm-wPý e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: Dn&, evn&, hvn&|

 

11. Da٩-Kgv

DaŸ©-Kgv h_vm¤¢e eR©b Kiv n‡e| †hgb: e‡j (ewjqv), n‡q, `yRb, Pvj(PvDj), Avj(AvBj)|

evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg (Bangla spelling rules )

 

 

evsjv evbvb g‡b ivLvi mnR wKQy †KŠkj

1. we‡`wk kã

we‡`wk k‡ãi evsjv evbv‡b B-Kvi nq| †hgb- w÷Kvi, ¯‹jviwkc, wWwM«, Rvbyqvwi BZ¨vw`|

 

2. Rxex

k‡ãi †k‡l Rxex †Z C-Kvi n‡e| K…wlRxex, PvKwiRxex, grm¨Rxex|

 

3. AÄwj

AÄwj Øviv MwVZ mKj k‡ã B-Kvi n‡e| k«×vÄwj, MxZvÄwj BZ¨vw`|

 

4. mgvme× kã

mgvme× kã GKmv‡_ wjL‡Z n‡e we‡kl‡¶‡Î k‡ãi gvSLv‡b (nvB‡db) w`‡Z n‡e| wPwVcÎ, Kó`vqK, NiRvgvB, gv-evev, fvB-†evb|

 

5. `~i, `~iZ¡

`~i Øviv `~iZ¡ †evSvq Ggb k‡ã `xN© E-Kvi n‡e| †hgb-`~i, `~ieZ©x, `~i-`~ivšÍ, `~ixKiY, A`~i, `~iZ¡, `~iex¶Y BZ¨vw`|

 

6. `yi Øviv `~iZ¡ †evSvq bv Ggb k‡ã D-Kvi n‡e| †hgb-`yie¯’v, `yišÍ, `yw`©b, `y`©všÍ, `yb©xwZ, `yM©wZ, `y‡h©vM, `yb©vg, `y‡f©vM BZ¨vw`| e¨wZµg- `~e©vi

 

7. Av+m

m Gi c~‡e©i eY© hw` A ev Av-Kvi hy³ _v‡K Zvn‡j c‡ii eY© hy³eY© m n‡e| †hgb- wZi¯‹vi, cyi¯‹vi, †ZRw¯Œq, ci¯úi, eq¯‹, ms¯‹vi BZ¨vw`|  e¨wZµg- ev®ú

 

8. w,x,y,~+m 

m Gi c~‡e©i eY© hw` A ev Av-Kvi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb ¯^iwPý (w,x,y,~)  _v‡K Zvn‡j c‡ii eY© hy³eY© l n‡e| †hgb Avwe®‹vi, Avqy®‹vj, ewn®‹vi, cwi®‹vi Mªx®§, †R¨vwZ®‹, PZy‡®‹vY BZ¨vw`|

e¨wZµg- wew¯§Z/we¯§q

 

9. Avewj

k‡ãi †k‡l Avewj _vK‡j B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- wbqgvewj, Z_¨vewj, Mªš’vewj, e¨vL¨vewj, Kvh©vewj, kZ©vewj BZ¨vw`|

 

10. h-djv

³, M, R, Ä, ¶, Z, _, e, f, ó, ¯Í Gi c~‡e© h-djv _vK‡j Zvi m‡½ Av-Kvi _vK‡e bv| †hgb- e¨³, e¨w³, e¨Äb, e¨wZµg, e¨_v, e¨e¯’v, e¨wó, e¨¯Í BZ¨vw`|

 

 

 

11. h-djv+Av

h-djvi c~‡e© K, L, N, `, a, c, ß, m, n _vK‡j †mB h-djvi m‡½ Av-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- e¨vKiY, e¨vL¨v, e¨vNvZ, e¨vm, e¨vcK BZ¨vw`|

 

12. cyb, c~Y©

c~Y© Øviv Bs‡iwR‡Z full/ complete †evSv‡j c~(E-Kvi)  n‡e| †hgb- c~Y©iƒc, c~Y©gvb, m¤ú~Y©, cwic~Y© BZ¨vw`

Avevi cyb Øviv hw` cybivq †evSvq Zvn‡j cy (D-Kvi) n‡e| †hgb- cybtcyb, cybivq, cybc«‡ek, cybtwbix¶v BZ¨vw`

 

13. fyZ/f~Z

A™¢yZ Ges fyZy‡i Qvov mKj f~Zhy³ k‡ãi evbv‡b E-Kvi nq| †hgb- f~Z, ewnf©~Z, Avwef©~Z, f¯§xf~Z BZ¨vw`|

 

14. †ewk/†ekx

A‡bK †evSv‡Z B-Kvi nq, evKx me C-Kvi| †hgb- QÙ‡ekx, cªwZ‡ekx| Zywg GZ †ewk K_v ej|

 

15. (t) wemM©

t n‡”Q evsjv eY©| G‡K hwZwPý wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|  hwZwPý wn‡k‡e: e‡m|  †hgb:

 

16. Mª¯’/ Mª¯Í

k‡ãi †k‡l Mª¯’ bq, Mª¯Í n‡e| ¶wZMª¯Í, AfveMª¯Í, evavMª¯Í BZ¨vw`|

 

17. †K

ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ cªkœ‡evaK †K Avjv`v n‡e| iwng †K? wKš‘ cªkœ bv †evSv‡j †K GKm‡½B n‡e| iwng‡K Avm‡Z e‡jv|

 

18. Y, Q, l

 we‡`wk k‡ã Y, Q, l e¨envi n‡e bv| nb©, Kb©vi, mwgj(m-wgj), †÷kb BZ¨vw`|

 

19. I-Kvi

wKQy k‡ãi †k‡l A_© cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ I-Kvi w`‡Z n‡e| †hgb- Ki-K‡iv, gZ-g‡Zv|

 

20. nxiv I bxj

nxiv I bxj Øviv ‰Zwi k‡ã C-Kvi n‡e| nxiv, nxiK, bxj, bxjv, bxwjgv, bxjv¤^ix|

 

21. bT_©K kã

bT_©K kã bv, †bB, bq Avjv`v †jL‡Z n‡e (wb Qvov)| KviY ïay ÔwbÕ Avjv`v †Kvb A_© cªKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Kwi bv, hvB bv, Kwiwb|

 

22. Z¡, Zv  

†hv‡M MwVZ we‡kl¨evPK k‡ã Av‡Mi C-Kvi wU B-Kvi n‡q hv‡e| †hgb: cªwZ‡hvMx-cªwZ‡hvwMZv, mn‡hvMx-mn‡hvwMZv, `vqx-`vwqZ¡|

 

23. Bbx cªZ¨q

Bbx cªZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ ¯¿xevPK k‡ã c~‡e©i C-KviwU B-Kvi n‡q hv‡e| weinx-weiwnbx, AwaKvix-AwaKvwiYx|

 

24. Cq cªZ¨q

Cq cªZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ k‡ã C-Kvi n‡e| †`kxq, cvbxq, Rjxq, cvjbxq, †kvPbxq|

 

25. †`k, fvlv I RvwZ

†`k, fvlv I RvwZi bv‡gi †k‡l B-Kvi n‡e| Rvcvwb, BZvwj, evOvwj, Bs‡iwR, dviwm|

 

26. †Zv

nq‡Zv, bq‡Zv Qvov mKj †Zv Avjv`v n‡e| †hgb- Avwg †Zv †mLv‡b hvBwb|

 

27. c`vwkªZ wb‡`©kK

c`vwkªZ wb‡`©k‡K B-Kvi n‡e Ges k‡ãi m‡½ hy³ n‡e| †jvKwU|

 

28. Avwj cªZ¨q

Avwj cªZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ k‡ã B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- †mvbvwj, iƒcvwj, ‰PZvwj, eY©vwj, wgZvwj BZ¨vw`

 

29. ˆZix/‰Zwi

†Kvb wµqv ev KvR †evSv‡Z ‰Zwi (B-Kvi) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb- ZvZx Kvco ‰Zwi K‡ib| we‡klY (†`vl,¸Y,Ae¯’v,cwigvY) †evSv‡Z  ˆZix (C-Kvi) n‡e| †hgb: ˆZix Kvco evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq|

 

30. mgvme× kã

mgvme× kã¸wj h_vm¤¢e GKm‡½ wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: A`„óc~e©, Abv¯^vw`Zc~e©, †bkvMÖ¯Í, wcZvcyÎ, c~e©cwiwPZ, welv`gwÐZ, g½jevi, iweevi, jÿ¨åó, msev`cÎ, mshZevK, mgg¨vc~Y©, ¯^fveMZfv‡e| we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b mgvme× kãwU‡K GK ev GKvwaK nvB‡db (-) w`‡q hy³ Kviv hvq| †hgb: wKQz-bv-wKQz, Rj-¯’j-AvKvk, evc-†eUv, †eUv-†ewU, gv-†Q‡j, gv-†g‡q|

 

31. we‡klY c`

we‡klY c` mvaviYfv‡e cieZx© c‡`i m‡½ hy³ n‡e bv| †hgb: fv‡jv w`b, jvj †Mvjvc, myMÜ dyj, mybxj AvKvk, my›`ix †g‡q, ¯Íä ga¨vý|

 

32. bv-evPK kã

bv-evPK bv Ges wb-Gi cÖ_gwU (bv) ¯^Zš¿ c` wn‡m‡e Ges wØZxqwU (wb) mgvme× wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: Kwi bv, Kwiwb|

K. GQvov k‡ãi c~‡e© bv-evPK DcmM© ÔbvÕ DËic‡`i m‡½ hy³ _vK‡e| †hgb: bvevjK, bvivR, bvnK|

L. A_© cwiùzU Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z n‡j bv-Gi ci nvB‡db e¨envi Kiv hvq | †hgb: bv-†Mvbv cvwL, bv-ejv evYx, bv-†kvbv K_v|

 

32. AwaKš‘ ÔIÕ

AwaKš‘ A‡_© e¨eüZ ÔIÕ cÖZ¨q k‡ãi m‡½ Kvi-wPý iƒ‡c hy³ bv n‡q c~Y© iƒ‡c k‡ãi c‡i hy³ n‡e| †hgb: AvRI, AvgviI, KvjI, †ZvgviI|

 

33. wbðqv_©K ÔBÕ

wbðqv_©K ÔBÕ k‡ãi m‡½ Kvi-wPý iƒ‡c hy³ bv n‡q c~Y© i~‡c k‡ãi c‡i hy³ n‡e| †hgb : AvRB, GLbB|

 

34. e¨w³ cÖwZôvb ev ms¯’vi bvg GB wbq‡gi AvIZvf~³ bq|